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Questões de Língua Inglesa

35.421 questões encontradas

  1. Questão 821

    ID 3171747

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Presente Perfeito Progressivo | Present Perfect Continuous

    Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Cordilheira Alta

    Instruction: answer questions 36 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

    Wellness Habits That Are Good for You & Good for The Earth

    1. Adopting an eco-friendly lifestyle is like hitting the jackpot of wellness — for both the planet
    2. and for you! When you reduce your carbon footprint by walking or biking instead of driving, not
    3. only you are reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but you’re also reducing your exposure to
    4. harmful toxins and improving your physical health. The benefits of going green include reduced
    5. stress levels, lower risk of illness, and increased energy and concentration. All from simple habits,
    6. like gardening! Gardening protects wildlife and improves the air and soil quality. It is also a great
    7. way to burn some extra calories, it lowers blood pressure, busts stress, boosts your mood, and
    8. improves sleep. Not to mention you can avoid harmful chemicals.
    9. An alternative to gardening is hitting the farmers market or loading up on local food from
    10. your favorite grocery store. In addition to supporting your local farmers, shopping locally will
    11. reduce your carbon footprint. And while on the topic of food, it’s good to reduce your intake of
    12. animal foods and incorporate more plant-based meals. Red meat requires lots of resources (such
    13. as water, fertilizer, and cropland) and produces lots of greenhouse gas emissions. One liter of
    14. dairy milk requires 1,050 liters of water, whereas 1 liter of oat milk requires about 48 liters to
    15. produce. Beauty and personal care products also need attention. Aside from degrading the
    16. environment and polluting, they may contain toxic chemicals such as carcinogens, formaldehyde,
    17. fragrances, and parabens. Your skin is your largest organ — it easily absorbs anything you’re
    18. using on your skin, hair, face, or body. Look for green and sustainable options.
    19. If you haven’t felt inspired to get started with spring cleaning yet, know that besides having
    20. a clean, organized space, you’re doing good for mother nature. Donating clothes reduces landfills,
    21. saves water, reduces your carbon footprint, and of course, helps those in need. It also makes
    22. room for bringing plants into your home, which can help oxygenate your space and remove
    23. harmful indoor air pollutants. Boston Ferns and Spider plants can help you breathe easier while
    24. reducing the number of airborne toxins circulating in the environment. And in addition to being
    25. chic and sustainable decor, indoor plants may help reduce stress, boost productivity, and benefit
    26. your mental health.
    27. Going Green is a win for all involved — especially when it comes to the environment and
    28. your health! The best part? These healthy habits can be seamlessly incorporated into your
    29. lifestyle. From gardening and sustainable grocery shopping to making simple eco-friendly swaps,
    30. there are endless ways to protect the environment and your health. And if these sustainable tips
    31. seem small, don’t underestimate their large impact! Every time you bike to work, shop local, and
    32. swap out toxic products, you’re reducing air pollutants, water use, and plastic, while also limiting
    33. your exposure to toxins and bettering your health.

    (Available at: https://fitonapp.com/wellness/wellness-habits-that-are-good-for-the-earth/– text especially adapted for this test).



    Which of the sentences below is in the same verb tense as “If you haven’t felt inspired to get started with spring cleaning yet”?

    Alternativas da questão 3171747
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  2. Questão 822

    ID 3171746

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Substituição de Palavras e Reescrita de Frases | Word Substitution And Sentence Rewriting

    Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Campo Bom

    Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

    He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies

    01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than

    02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week

    03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.

    04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than

    05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.

    06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps

    07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-

    08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD

    09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,

    10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies

    11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,

    12 or death, for the babies.

    13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was

    14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years

    15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D

    16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as

    17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it

    18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no

    19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.

    20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,

    21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross

    22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with

    23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”

    24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is

    25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including

    26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that

    27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of

    28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and

    29 donate.

    (Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).



    Mark the correct alternative which the word “switch” is used with the same meaning as the highlighted word in line 16.

    Alternativas da questão 3171746
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  3. Questão 823

    ID 3171745

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Notícias e Artigos Jornalísticos | News Articles

    Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Campo Bom

    Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

    He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies

    01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than

    02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week

    03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.

    04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than

    05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.

    06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps

    07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-

    08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD

    09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,

    10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies

    11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,

    12 or death, for the babies.

    13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was

    14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years

    15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D

    16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as

    17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it

    18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no

    19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.

    20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,

    21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross

    22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with

    23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”

    24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is

    25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including

    26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that

    27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of

    28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and

    29 donate.

    (Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).



    Which of the following questions is NOT answered by the text?

    Alternativas da questão 3171745
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  4. Questão 824

    ID 3171744

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Outros | Others

    Ano: 2023 Banca: ADVISE Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Maravilha

    Want to keep your memory sharp? Here's what science recommends.

    1. Have you ever frantically searched for your phone using the light on your
    2. phone? lt's embarrassing for sure, but that and other things-forgetting a word or
    3. missing an appointment -aren't signs that you're on the road to dementia. ln
    4. fact, we shouldn't accept that our memory will gel worse and worse alter middle
    5. age, because there's a body of research saying otherwise.
    6. While many things about our memory are outside of our control71enetics and
    7. aging for starters-we can tweak our recall ability through lifestyle choices. Just
    8. because we are experiencing normal, age-related memory decline doesn't mean
    9. we can't do something about lt.
    10. Having a higher expectation of our memory skills as we age helps us engage
    11. in more of the very things that maintain recall. Studies show that in cultures
    12. where the older population is not stereotyped as being forgetful, such as in China,
    13. people score better on memory tests. ln other words, folks there aren't
    14. conditioned to give in to the idea that aging and memory loss go hand in hand, so
    15. they naturally put forth more effort into staying mentally engaged.
    16. What are those activities and factors that can grease the wheels of our
    17. memory machinery? The same things that help lower our risk of diseases such as
    18. heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and depression: exercising, eating healthfully,
    19. getting good sleep, socializing, and challenging our mind. ln addition, there are
    20. several memory tricks that people of all ages can learn that can help.
    21. [...]

    Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/top-tips-memory-sharp-age-dementia: 08/06/23. Published June 29, 2023 By Tula Karras



    Taking into account that (T) means True and (F) means False, the correct sequence of propositions is, respectively:

    (__) ‘worse’ (l.4) is a comparative form of bad;

    (__) ‘higher’ (l.10) and ‘older’ (l.12) are used to characterize passages of equality;

    (__) ‘better’ (l.13) is an exception to the rules of the nouns’ comparison.

    Alternativas da questão 3171744
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  5. Questão 825

    ID 3171743

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Plural dos Substantivos | Plural Of Nouns

    Ano: 2023 Banca: ADVISE Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Maravilha

    Want to keep your memory sharp? Here's what science recommends.

    1. Have you ever frantically searched for your phone using the light on your
    2. phone? lt's embarrassing for sure, but that and other things-forgetting a word or
    3. missing an appointment -aren't signs that you're on the road to dementia. ln
    4. fact, we shouldn't accept that our memory will gel worse and worse alter middle
    5. age, because there's a body of research saying otherwise.
    6. While many things about our memory are outside of our control71enetics and
    7. aging for starters-we can tweak our recall ability through lifestyle choices. Just
    8. because we are experiencing normal, age-related memory decline doesn't mean
    9. we can't do something about lt.
    10. Having a higher expectation of our memory skills as we age helps us engage
    11. in more of the very things that maintain recall. Studies show that in cultures
    12. where the older population is not stereotyped as being forgetful, such as in China,
    13. people score better on memory tests. ln other words, folks there aren't
    14. conditioned to give in to the idea that aging and memory loss go hand in hand, so
    15. they naturally put forth more effort into staying mentally engaged.
    16. What are those activities and factors that can grease the wheels of our
    17. memory machinery? The same things that help lower our risk of diseases such as
    18. heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and depression: exercising, eating healthfully,
    19. getting good sleep, socializing, and challenging our mind. ln addition, there are
    20. several memory tricks that people of all ages can learn that can help.
    21. [...]

    Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/top-tips-memory-sharp-age-dementia: 08/06/23. Published June 29, 2023 By Tula Karras



    Analyze the propositions and select the wrong alter-native:

    I- ‘many things’ (l. 6) is a countable example;

    II- ‘something’ (l.9) can be also, used to offer something to somebody.

    III- In the sentence ‘In this world, I love several things.’ ‘several’ (l.20) is uncountable.

    Alternativas da questão 3171743
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  6. Questão 826

    ID 3171742

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Notícias e Artigos Jornalísticos | News Articles

    Ano: 2023 Banca: AMEOSC - Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Bandeirante

    O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 8.

    Netherlands: Phone ban announced to stop school disruptions

    (1º§) Devices including mobile phones are set to be banned from classrooms to stop them from disrupting learning, the Dutch government has announced. The initiative is being introduced in collaboration with schools and is to take effect at the start of next year.

    (2º§) There will be some exceptions, including for students with medical needs or a disability, and for classes focused on digital skills. The ban is not legally enforceable but may become so in the future. "Even though mobile phones are almost intertwined with our lives, they do not belong in the classroom," said Education Minister Robbert Dijkgraaf. "Students must be able to concentrate there and be given every opportunity to learn well. We know from scientific research that mobile phones disrupt this."

    (3º§) Various studies have found limiting children's screen time is linked to improved cognition and concentration. Other tech including tablets and smartwatches are also included in the Dutch ban. The government said it would be up to individual schools to agree the exact rules with teachers, parents and pupils - including whether they wanted to completely ban devices __ schools.

    (4º§) The scheme is the result of an agreement between the ministry, schools and related organisations. It will be reviewed at the end of the 2024/2025 school year to see how well it had worked and whether a legal ban is needed. The announcement follows a similar decision by Finland last week.

    (5º§) Its government announced it would change the law to make it easier __ restrict the use of phones in schools. Other countries, including England and France, have also proposed banning mobile phones to improve learning.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66107027



    In the sentence (3º§) "Other tech including tablets and smartwatches are also included in the Dutch ban.," which word contains a voiced fricative sound?

    Alternativas da questão 3171742
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  7. Questão 827

    ID 3171741

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Sinônimos | Synonyms

    Ano: 2023 Banca: AMEOSC - Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Palma Sola

    O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 5.

    DIET COKE BREAK? Should you stop drinking Diet Coke? All you need to know about the aspartame scandal affecting more than just soda

    (1º§)The ingredient aspartame, which gives the drink its sweet touch, is about to be designated as "possibly carcinogenic" by the World Health Organisation, insiders claimed this week. Aspartame is found in a variety of foods and fizzy drinks, including Diet Coke and in the EU, as for all food additives, the presence of aspartame must be indicated on the label either by its name or its E number (E951).

    (2º§)Diet Coke has been made popular over the years by deals with celebs including Whitney Houston, Kate Moss, Taylor Swift and even Holly Willoughby. But the argument over whether sugar or sweeteners is better for your health has raged for years and is one of the most debated topics in nutritional science.

    (3º§)WHAT'S THE DEAL? Aspartame is a sweetener that's been used for over 30 years in thousands of products to add sweetness to lower calorie and sugar-free products, including drinks, cereal bars and yoghurts.

    (4º§)WHY THE FUSS? This week it emerged that the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the WHO, could declare aspartame a class 2B carcinogen. That means they deem it "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Other products that fall into this category include aloe vera extract, lead and Asian pickled vegetables. There is no denying it is complicated. Here, we take a look at aspartame, its potential dangers and whether or not you should be going cold-turkey on the popular drink. Gunter Kuhnle, professor of nutrition and food science at the University of Reading, tells The Sun: "Aspartame turns into methanol and phenylalanine in the intestinal tract. "Methanol is converted into formaldehyde by the human body, and formaldehyde is a known carcinogen. "This is at least one of the possible mechanisms."

    (5º§)WHAT DOES THE SCIENCE SAY? Whether or not sweeteners are linked to cancer has long been studied. One of the most recent studies of 100,000 people in France - showed those who consumed larger quantities of artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, had a slightly higher cancer risk. But Dr Caitlin Hall, chief dietitian and head of clinical research at myota, tells The Sun: "There is some controversy surrounding these studies. "The French study could not prove definitively that aspartame caused the increased cancer risk. More research is needed."

    (6º§)WHAT OF OTHER HEALTH RISKS? Only last month, the WHO issued guidelines advising people not to drink sweeteners if they want to lose weight. It said although short-term weight loss may occur, there could be "undesirable effects" in the long term, such as an increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Dr Hall says the chemicals produced by sweeteners have been found to "disrupt the delicate balance of bacteria in our gut microbiome" which do "all sorts of amazing things, like strengthening our immune system and keeping our metabolism in check". Registered dietitian Aisling Pigott, a British Dietetic Association spokesperson, says if you're eating "diet" foods to help lose weight, "it's worth making sure these are not displacing fruit, veggies and fibre rich foods too". Other studies have suggested sweeteners could affect male and female fertility, by decreasing sperm motility and affecting the ovaries. Meanwhile people with a rare inherited disease, called phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot safely consume aspartame.

    (7º§)SO, SHOULD YOU QUIT DIET COKE NOW? The general consensus is that there is no need to worry. Prof Jones says: "The question is not, 'Does aspartame cause cancer or not,' but 'Does it do so at the level we are exposed to it?' The answer, I think, is no. "Think of it a bit like driving a car; the hazard is that you might get in an accident and be hurt or die but the risk is low enough that most of us don't think it will be an issue." Prof Oliver Jones, professor of chemistry at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, adds: "The amounts of methanol released are lower than found in orange juice, so unlikely an issue."

    (8º§)WHAT'S THE RISK? Health experts across the globe have ruled aspartame is safe to consume, if you stick to accepted daily limits. The average Brit could guzzle 15 cans of Diet Coke in a day before exceeding the 40 milligrams of aspartame per kilogram of body weight threshold. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority, looked at how much formaldehyde is produced from consuming aspartame and had little concern "as the amount was too low", Prof Kuhnle says. "They do not comment on whether higher intakes will cause harm. It is possible that aspartame causes cancer when consumed in amounts much higher than normally consumed." The IARC will review the evidence to determine whether or not to classify aspartame as a hazard. Statistics expert, Prof Kevin McConway from the Open University says: "They assess whether it would ever be capable of presenting a risk, under any circumstances. "Even if the only harmful circumstances are really, really unlikely." Prof Kuhnle adds: "Many things are carcinogens, but in many cases, the exposure to them is too low for this to matter. "The sun can cause cancer, but we can manage the risk." Frances Hunt-Wood, from the International Sweeteners Association, adds: "Aspartame is one of the most thoroughly researched ingredients in history with over 90 food safety agencies across the globe declaring it is safe." Rick Mumford, the deputy chief scientific adviser to the UK's Food Standards Agency, says: "Our view is that the safety of this sweetener has been evaluated by various scientific committees and it is considered safe at current permitted use levels."

    https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22888001/should-you-stop-drinking-diet-coke-about-aspartame/



    Mark the alternative that does have a synonym to the word "hazard" (8º§).

    Alternativas da questão 3171741
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  8. Questão 828

    ID 3171740

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Sufixos | Suffixes

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Guararema

    Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 44 a 47.

    Human beings approach any new problem with an existing set of cognitive structures and, through insight, logical thinking, and various forms of testing hypotheses, call upon whatever prior experiences they have had, and whatever cognitive structures they possess to attempt a solution. In the literature of language learning processes, three terms have commonly been singled out for explanation: transfer, interference, and overgeneralization. The three terms can be understood as several manifestations of one principle of learning - the interaction of previously learned material with a present learning event.

    Transfer is a general term describing the carryover of previous performance or knowledge to a subsequent learning. Positive transfer occurs when the prior knowledge benefits the learning task - that is, when a previous item is correctly applied to the present subject matter. Negative transfer occurs when previous performance disrupts the performance of a second task. The latter can be referred to as interference.

    In the literature on second language acquisition, interference is almost as frequent as the term overgeneralization, which is, of course, a particular subset of generalization - a crucially important and pervading strategy in human learning. To generalize means to infer or derive a law, rule, or conclusion, usually from the observation of particular instances.

    In second language acquisition it has been common to refer to overgeneralization as a process that occurs as the second language learner acts within the target language, generalizing a particular rule or item in the second language - irrespective of the native language - beyond legitimate bounds.

    (BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. P 103. Adaptado)



    The suffix “-ing” is found in many different classes of words. In the first paragraph of the text, a noun ending in “ing” is found in

    Alternativas da questão 3171740
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  9. Questão 829

    ID 3171739

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Fucapsul Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Imbituba

    Text one

    ELF – ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA

    English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option" ELF is "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native-speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used in spoken, written and in computer-mediated communication. ELF research focuses on the pragmatics of variation which is manifest in the variable use of the resources of English for a wide range of globalized purposes, in important formal encounters such as business transactions, international diplomacy and conflict resolution, as well as in informal exchanges between international friends.

    Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca



    Based on the informationed contained in the text above, it is correct to say that...

    Alternativas da questão 3171739
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  10. Questão 830

    ID 3171738

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: AMEOSC - Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Palma Sola

    O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 5.

    DIET COKE BREAK? Should you stop drinking Diet Coke? All you need to know about the aspartame scandal affecting more than just soda

    (1º§)The ingredient aspartame, which gives the drink its sweet touch, is about to be designated as "possibly carcinogenic" by the World Health Organisation, insiders claimed this week. Aspartame is found in a variety of foods and fizzy drinks, including Diet Coke and in the EU, as for all food additives, the presence of aspartame must be indicated on the label either by its name or its E number (E951).

    (2º§)Diet Coke has been made popular over the years by deals with celebs including Whitney Houston, Kate Moss, Taylor Swift and even Holly Willoughby. But the argument over whether sugar or sweeteners is better for your health has raged for years and is one of the most debated topics in nutritional science.

    (3º§)WHAT'S THE DEAL? Aspartame is a sweetener that's been used for over 30 years in thousands of products to add sweetness to lower calorie and sugar-free products, including drinks, cereal bars and yoghurts.

    (4º§)WHY THE FUSS? This week it emerged that the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the WHO, could declare aspartame a class 2B carcinogen. That means they deem it "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Other products that fall into this category include aloe vera extract, lead and Asian pickled vegetables. There is no denying it is complicated. Here, we take a look at aspartame, its potential dangers and whether or not you should be going cold-turkey on the popular drink. Gunter Kuhnle, professor of nutrition and food science at the University of Reading, tells The Sun: "Aspartame turns into methanol and phenylalanine in the intestinal tract. "Methanol is converted into formaldehyde by the human body, and formaldehyde is a known carcinogen. "This is at least one of the possible mechanisms."

    (5º§)WHAT DOES THE SCIENCE SAY? Whether or not sweeteners are linked to cancer has long been studied. One of the most recent studies of 100,000 people in France - showed those who consumed larger quantities of artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, had a slightly higher cancer risk. But Dr Caitlin Hall, chief dietitian and head of clinical research at myota, tells The Sun: "There is some controversy surrounding these studies. "The French study could not prove definitively that aspartame caused the increased cancer risk. More research is needed."

    (6º§)WHAT OF OTHER HEALTH RISKS? Only last month, the WHO issued guidelines advising people not to drink sweeteners if they want to lose weight. It said although short-term weight loss may occur, there could be "undesirable effects" in the long term, such as an increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Dr Hall says the chemicals produced by sweeteners have been found to "disrupt the delicate balance of bacteria in our gut microbiome" which do "all sorts of amazing things, like strengthening our immune system and keeping our metabolism in check". Registered dietitian Aisling Pigott, a British Dietetic Association spokesperson, says if you're eating "diet" foods to help lose weight, "it's worth making sure these are not displacing fruit, veggies and fibre rich foods too". Other studies have suggested sweeteners could affect male and female fertility, by decreasing sperm motility and affecting the ovaries. Meanwhile people with a rare inherited disease, called phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot safely consume aspartame.

    (7º§)SO, SHOULD YOU QUIT DIET COKE NOW? The general consensus is that there is no need to worry. Prof Jones says: "The question is not, 'Does aspartame cause cancer or not,' but 'Does it do so at the level we are exposed to it?' The answer, I think, is no. "Think of it a bit like driving a car; the hazard is that you might get in an accident and be hurt or die but the risk is low enough that most of us don't think it will be an issue." Prof Oliver Jones, professor of chemistry at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, adds: "The amounts of methanol released are lower than found in orange juice, so unlikely an issue."

    (8º§)WHAT'S THE RISK? Health experts across the globe have ruled aspartame is safe to consume, if you stick to accepted daily limits. The average Brit could guzzle 15 cans of Diet Coke in a day before exceeding the 40 milligrams of aspartame per kilogram of body weight threshold. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority, looked at how much formaldehyde is produced from consuming aspartame and had little concern "as the amount was too low", Prof Kuhnle says. "They do not comment on whether higher intakes will cause harm. It is possible that aspartame causes cancer when consumed in amounts much higher than normally consumed." The IARC will review the evidence to determine whether or not to classify aspartame as a hazard. Statistics expert, Prof Kevin McConway from the Open University says: "They assess whether it would ever be capable of presenting a risk, under any circumstances. "Even if the only harmful circumstances are really, really unlikely." Prof Kuhnle adds: "Many things are carcinogens, but in many cases, the exposure to them is too low for this to matter. "The sun can cause cancer, but we can manage the risk." Frances Hunt-Wood, from the International Sweeteners Association, adds: "Aspartame is one of the most thoroughly researched ingredients in history with over 90 food safety agencies across the globe declaring it is safe." Rick Mumford, the deputy chief scientific adviser to the UK's Food Standards Agency, says: "Our view is that the safety of this sweetener has been evaluated by various scientific committees and it is considered safe at current permitted use levels."

    https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22888001/should-you-stop-drinking-diet-coke-about-aspartame/



    What is the general consensus regarding the safety of consuming aspartame?

    Alternativas da questão 3171738
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  11. Questão 831

    ID 3171737

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Análise Sintática | Parsing

    Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Fucapsul Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Imbituba

    Text two

    GLOBALIZATION, GEOPOLITICS AND ELF

    Major technological advances in the 21st century have enabled instant global communication, thus breaking the barriers of space and time between different locations on the planet. The world has turned into an interconnected global system, which requires a shared means of communication. English fulfills the need for a global lingua franca, as it has spread to large areas of the world due to various factors such as:

    - Spread of the Latin script;

    - Colonisation, mainly by the British Empire, thereby making English into the language with the most countries recognizing it as an official language;

    - The widespread teaching of English as a second or foreign language;

    - Spread of Christianity via Christian missions and Christianization;

    - American manufacturing and exporting might;

    - The development of the American research university, which enabled the United States to lead the world in the academic development of science, engineering, arts, and humanities;

    - Consumption and influence of core Anglosphere entertainment industries, including film, music and literature;

    - American military and political hegemony over Western Europe due to the American and British victory in World War II, followed by the spread of English to many parts of Eastern Europe and former Eastern Bloc countries after the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, with the subsequent enlargement of the European Union encouraging said spread of English; and

    - The invention of the Internet, its first widespread use in the United States, and English being the most used language on the Internet. Because of the use of English as a lingua franca in international trade and intercultural communication, native speakers of English are outnumbered by non-native speakers. A consequence of this is a sense of ownership of the language which is shared by different communities. For instance, international communication via ELF has facilitated exchange between China and the rest of the world, thus sustaining international trade. But once a language is appropriated by new communities, it is then adapted to ....I.... specific needs. Consequently, the English language is undergoing change, and this change is being brought about mostly by its non-native speakers.

    Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca



    In the context of the last paragraph of the text (text two) above, the word “ change” is grammatically classified as:

    Alternativas da questão 3171737
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  12. Questão 832

    ID 3171736

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Guararema

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de 31 a 34.

    Is teaching language an art, then, or is it a science? There are good grounds for focusing on its almost-scientific attributes. Understanding the language system and finding the best ways to explain it is some kind of a scientific endeavor, especially when we continue to research its changes and evolution. In the same way, some of the technical skills that are required of teachers (procedures for how to do things, a constant attention to innovation in educational technology and materials design) need to be almost scientific in their rigor.

    Yet, teaching is an art, too. It works when the relationship that is created between teacher and students, and between the students in a group, is at its best. If we have managed to establish a good rapport with a group, almost anything is possible. There are some key requirements in creating such a rapport, yet behind everything lurks the possibility of magic - or a lack of it. Instant decision-making can happen on supposedly scientific grounds, but its success, and the creativity that can be unleashed, is often the result of the teacher’s feelings or judgment at that very moment. For good teachers listen and watch and use both professional and personal skills to respond to what they see and hear. Good teachers have a knack of responding by doing things ‘right’, and that is most definitely an art.

    (HARMER, Jeremy. How to teach English. Longman, 1998.pp 32, 33. Adaptado)



    According to the author, the answer to the question “Is teaching language an art, then, or is it a science?”, is that teaching language is

    Alternativas da questão 3171736
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  13. Questão 833

    ID 3171735

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Propagandas e Anúncios | Advertisements

    Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST - Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular da USP Órgão: Universidade de São Paulo

    TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 33 E 34.

    Observe o seguinte cartaz.

    Disponível em www.unesco.org.



    A conferência global anunciada pretende formular diretrizes para

    Alternativas da questão 3171735
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  14. Questão 834

    ID 3171734

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Aquisição de Segunda Língua | Second Language Acquisition

    Ano: 2023 Banca: IGEDUC - Instituto de Apoio à Gestão e Educação Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Tupanatinga

    Julgue os itens subsequentes.



    No que diz respeito ao processo avaliativo de língua inglesa, é correto afirmar que a aprendizagem da língua inglesa deve ser avaliada preferencialmente por meio de ferramentas quantitativas, com o objetivo de classificar os alunos e prepará-los para exames.

    Alternativas da questão 3171734
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  15. Questão 835

    ID 3171733

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Fonética e Pronúncia | Phonetics And Pronunciation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Guararema

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de 35 a 43.

    Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was a 1970s reaction to much that had gone before - namely the grammatical patterning of structural-situationalism and the rigidity of the drill-type methodology that Audio-lingualism made varying use of.

    CLT has two main guiding principles: the first is that language is not just patterns of grammar with vocabulary items slotted in, but also involves language functions such as inviting, agreeing and disagreeing, suggesting, etc, which students should learn how to perform using a variety of language exponents (e.g. we can invite by saying ‘Would you like to come to the cinema?’, ‘D’you fancy coming to the cinema?’, ‘What about coming to the cinema?’, ‘How about a film?’, ‘Are you on for a film?’, etc). Students also need to be aware of the necessity for appropriacy when talking and writing to people in terms of the kind of language they use (formal, informal, tentative, technical, etc). CLT is not just about the language, in other words, it is about how it is used.

    The second principle of Communicative Language Teaching is that if students get enough exposure to language, and opportunities for language use - and if they are motivated - then language learning will take care of itself. As a result, the focus of much CLT has been on students communicating real messages, and not just grammatically controlled language. The deployment of many communicative activities, where students use all and any language they know to communicate, shows this aspect of CLT at work. Communicative Language Teaching has had a thoroughly beneficial effect since it reminded teachers that people learn languages not so that they know about them, but so that they can communicate with them. Giving students different kinds of language, pointing them towards aspects of style and appropriacy, and above all giving them opportunities to try out real language within the classroom humanized what had sometimes been too rigidly controlled.

    (HARMER, Jeremy. How to teach English. Longman, 1998. P. 50. Adaptado)



    A palavra enough, no parágrafo 2, tem a pronúncia da grafia “gh” final como /f/. A mesma pronúncia é encontrada na parte em negrito da palavra em

    Alternativas da questão 3171733
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  16. Questão 836

    ID 3171732

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 01 a 04.

    Since its creation in 2008, the International Initiative of X-Ray Fundamental Parameters has strived to become a bridge between academia and industry being active in quantitative x-ray analysis and related instrument manufacturing. National metrology institutes and research centers, where metrology grade experiments and calculations are being developed, have paired with technological advanced partners in the R&D industry of X-ray methodologies. Indeed, X-ray measurements form the basis of an ever-increasing number of areas as varied as medical technology, renewable energy, semiconductor and nanotechnology fabrication, law enforcement and planetary exploration. However, pushing the limits of X-ray technology requires a critical assessment and evaluation of available data related to the interactions of X-rays with matter (“fundamental parameters” or FP).

    One of the main challenges of the International Initiative on X-Ray Fundamental Parameters is the integration of the new, state-of-the-art results obtained within this framework, into critically evaluated compilations. Thus, the goal of this extra issue is to provide a platform to showcase all the high quality research being performed worldwide in the X-ray fundamental parameters field.

    (Burkhard Beckhoff e Marie-Christine Lépy (ed.). https://www.sciencedirect.com, 20.10.2021. Adaptado)



    In the fragment at the beginning of the text “the International Initiative of X-Ray Fundamental Parameters has strived to become a bridge between academia and industry”, the expression “strive to” means the same as

    Alternativas da questão 3171732
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  17. Questão 837

    ID 3171731

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Metodologias e Abordagens de Ensino | Teaching Methods And Approaches

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Guararema

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de 35 a 43.

    Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) was a 1970s reaction to much that had gone before - namely the grammatical patterning of structural-situationalism and the rigidity of the drill-type methodology that Audio-lingualism made varying use of.

    CLT has two main guiding principles: the first is that language is not just patterns of grammar with vocabulary items slotted in, but also involves language functions such as inviting, agreeing and disagreeing, suggesting, etc, which students should learn how to perform using a variety of language exponents (e.g. we can invite by saying ‘Would you like to come to the cinema?’, ‘D’you fancy coming to the cinema?’, ‘What about coming to the cinema?’, ‘How about a film?’, ‘Are you on for a film?’, etc). Students also need to be aware of the necessity for appropriacy when talking and writing to people in terms of the kind of language they use (formal, informal, tentative, technical, etc). CLT is not just about the language, in other words, it is about how it is used.

    The second principle of Communicative Language Teaching is that if students get enough exposure to language, and opportunities for language use - and if they are motivated - then language learning will take care of itself. As a result, the focus of much CLT has been on students communicating real messages, and not just grammatically controlled language. The deployment of many communicative activities, where students use all and any language they know to communicate, shows this aspect of CLT at work. Communicative Language Teaching has had a thoroughly beneficial effect since it reminded teachers that people learn languages not so that they know about them, but so that they can communicate with them. Giving students different kinds of language, pointing them towards aspects of style and appropriacy, and above all giving them opportunities to try out real language within the classroom humanized what had sometimes been too rigidly controlled.

    (HARMER, Jeremy. How to teach English. Longman, 1998. P. 50. Adaptado)



    Among the activities a teacher may propose as a communicative activity is

    Alternativas da questão 3171731
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  18. Questão 838

    ID 3171730

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 43 a 46.

    English as a Lingua Franca

    A number of researchers have studied conversations in English as a Lingua Franca and have noted a number of somewhat surprising characteristics, including:

    • Non-use of third person present simple tense -s (She look very sad).

    • Interchangeable use of the relative pronouns who and which (a book who, a boy which).

    • Omission of articles where they are mandatory in native-speaker English.

    • Increasing of redundancy by adding “inexistent” prepositions (We have to study about…, The article treats of…).

    • Pluralisation of nouns which are considered uncountable in native-speaker English (informations, staffs).

    The evidence suggests that non-native speakers are not conforming to a native English standard. Indeed they seem to get along perfectly well despite the fact that they miss things out and put things in which they ‘should not do’. Not only this, but they are actually better at ‘accommodating’ - that is, negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way - than, it is suggested, native speakers are when talking to second language speakers (Jenkins 2004). In other words, non-native speakers seem to be better at ELF communication than native speakers are.

    (Jeremy Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. Adaptado)



    The fragment from the last paragraph “negotiating shared meaning through helping each other in a more cooperative way” plays in the sentence the role of

    Alternativas da questão 3171730
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  19. Questão 839

    ID 3171729

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation

    Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 05 a 10.

    A standard X-ray provides tremendous value to a clinician for its ability to quickly provide a static image of anatomical structures. There are limitations, however, to static exams.

    Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) adds dynamic, or motion, capability to X-ray technology that captures sequential radiographic images in a single exam. Unlike fluoroscopy, X-ray with DDR is not viewed in real-time, so an exam can be performed by a radiologic technologist without a physician present in the exam room. DDR is an enhanced version of a standard digital radiography system that acquires up to 15 frames per second for as long as 20 seconds, resulting in a maximum of 300 X-ray images with a dose equivalent to about two standard X-rays. With DDR, radiation is lower than fluoroscopy or CT, and requires a shorter exam time than MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

    The benefits of DDR are being explored across a variety of disciplines. In pulmonology, DDR can be used to visualize and quantify lung function in relationship to surrounding structure. In orthopedics, DDR can be used to assess instability, musculoskeletal injury, sources of pain, and treatment follow-up of any joint throughout its range of motion – whether it be the neck, spine, shoulders or knees. It can also be a helpful tool for postoperative evaluation of movement in place of a more expensive CT (computed tomography) or MRI exam. DDR use is also being explored as an effective tool for other applications, including swallow studies for speech therapy.

    “Clinicians can now see more with a dynamic X-ray,” says Guillermo Sander, Director of Digital Radiography at Konica Minolta Healthcare, a global medtech company. “Because DDR is another X-ray technique using the same X-ray system, the equipment and technician workflow is the same. Actually, it just adds an extra minute of time”. For many physicians, DDR provides a more complete diagnosis and has become a key differentiator for their practice. For patients, there is a wow factor when they see the motion in their X-ray. Sander says that anecdotal feedback suggests that patients who see a dynamic X-ray are more likely to understand their condition and adhere to their rehabilitation plan. “Adding movement gives new insight, which makes it easier for clinicians to support the technology and make it useful.” To Sander, this is a technology worth exploring.

    (Jenelle Isaacson. https://www.itnonline.com, 11.08.2022. Adaptado)



    According to the second paragraph, dynamic digital radiography

    Alternativas da questão 3171729
    Estatísticas Cadernos

  20. Questão 840

    ID 3171728

    Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

    Assunto: Análise Sintática | Parsing

    Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Nacional de Educação, Pesquisa, Instrução e Segurança Pública Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Sanclerlândia

    A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.

    William Shakespeare

    In parsing the following sentence, determine what traditional function each unit in the sentence has, according to this code:

    N

    Noun

    PRN

    Pronoun

    AUX

    Auxiliar

    V

    Verb

    P

    Preposition

    A

    Adjective

    ADV

    Adverb

    ARC

    Artigo

    Alternativas da questão 3171728
    Estatísticas Cadernos

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