Questão 241
ID 3172327Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Can
Ano: 2023 Banca: DIRENS AERONÁUTICA - Diretoria de Ensino da Aeronáutica Órgão: Ministério da Defesa - Aeronáutica
Choose the right alternative, regarding the correct use of Modal Verbs.
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Questão 242
ID 3172326Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica Órgão: Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 31 a 36.
On the surface, there is little to distinguish the Woolf Social Club from any other hipster hangout in Seoul, South Korea. Customers perch on wooden stools at formica tables, tapping on laptops while they sip their coffee. Records and cds line the walls, soft jazz trickles from speakers. On the white wall above the bar, in big black letters, is the statement: “More dignity, less bullshit”.
It is only on closer inspection that you realise this is more than just another coffee shop. On the mugs are cartoon drawings of Virginia Woolf, an angry wolf roaring from her shirt. A bookshelf contains South Korean feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include “Lessons on Being Unmarried”) alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and “The Handmaid's Tale” by Margaret Atwood. On the wall is a poster for an exhibition of feminist art at a nearby gallery.
“I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” says Kim Jina, a 47-year-old former advertising executive and politician who founded the café six years ago. Kim was inspired by Woolf's dictum that in order to write fiction, a woman needed “five hundred [pounds] a year and a room with a lock on the door”. That is, financial independence and a place to think. The café's casual vibe is deliberate: she wanted to avoid creating barriers to entry for women who were merely curious, rather than fully committed to the movement. Besides, she adds, “If | limited myself to feminist customers, | could never make a living.”
South Korea, even its trendy capital, is a difficult place to be a woman. The wage gap between the sexes is the highest in the rich world. Traditional expectations about gender roles, beauty standards and the way women should conduct themselves remain pervasive. “Misogyny surrounds you so naturally that you barely even notice it,” says Kim. “I had no role models, so my idea of how a successful woman should be came straight from “Sex and the City'.” For much of her 20s and 30s, she spent most of her money on make-up and expensive handbags, partying every weekend and dreaming about meeting her version of Mr Big, the rich, smooth-talking love interest of the show's main character, Carrie.
“I never worried about misogyny because I thought being sexually attractive was a form of power,” says Kim. “But eventually I realised that men with real power don't wear make-up and expensive dresses.” Her epiphany came when she was passed over for promotion in favour of a male colleague. “My boss said, 'He needs it more than you because he has a wife and a child to take care of,' and I realised that I had been wrong to think that all | needed to do was work hard and be good at my job.”
Kim's burgeoning feminism crystallised in the summer of 2016, after a woman was murdered in a public toilet in an upmarket part of Seoul. The killer initially claimed that he had done it because he had been ignored by women. “l lived right around the corner, and | thought: that could have been me,” says Kim. Like many other women, she was upset by media coverage that ignored the misogynist motives for his crime and blamed it entirely on his mental-health problems.
The murder prompted South Korean women to come together, initially in online communities, and discuss how to fight back against sexism. Then they took to the streets. In 2018 there was a series of protests against the widespread practice of recording illegal footage of women by hiding small cameras in public toilets or changing rooms.
Kim founded the Woolf Social Club in 2017. “I thought, we talk to each other on the internet, but it would be good to have a physical space in which to do that,” she says. “If you walk around Seoul, you see all these cafés aimed at couples, where women look pretty and lower their voices. I wanted a space where they could raise them.”
[Fonte: Lena Schipper. “Virginia Woolf is inspiring South Korean feminists”. In: The Economist, 09/05/2022, <www.economist.com/1843/2022/05/09/virginia-woolf-is-inspiring-south-korean-feminists>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 27/08/2023.)
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” the underlined term expresses an idea of:
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Questão 243
ID 3172325Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Notícias e Artigos Jornalísticos | News Articles
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Vista Gaúcha
The Last Beatles Song
- Almost 50 years since Lennon recorded the earliest version of “Now and Then”, fans will
- soon be able to hear the last ever Beatles song. One final, stirring encore from the four Scousers
- who changed music forever. Working alongside “Get Back” director Peter Jackson’s team, the final
- version is due for worldwide release on Thursday 2 November. But as many Beatles fans will know,
- today’s gift is yesterday’s curse. The story of its release is a complicated saga in which only Paul
- McCartney and Ringo Starr will ever get to enjoy these last, bittersweet fruits of their labor, once
- John Lennon and George Harrison have passed.
- Despite Lennon having announced his intentions to quit the band in 1969, the Fab Four
- didn’t officially split until five years later. Lennon composed “Now and Then” in 1978, two years
- before he was shot and fatally wounded. Recording it using a boombox, he added it to a cassette
- tape labeled “For Paul”, which his widow Yoko Ono gave to McCartney when she found it among
- his possessions in 1994. The remaining Beatles released two of the songs on the cassette – “Free
- as a Bird” and “Real Love” – shortly after, aided by producer Jeff Lynne. But despite their attempts
- in 1995 to work on a version of “Now and Then”, they were forced to shelve the project due to the
- poor quality of the recording.
- Around two decades later, Jackson (best known for his epic fantasy trilogies “The Lord of
- the Rings” and “The Hobbit”) and dialogue editor Emile de la Rey were working on “The Beatles:
- Get Back docuseries”, using cutting-edge technology developed by his studio, WingNut Films, to
- de-mix the film’s mono soundtrack. This way, it became possible to separate the individual voices
- and unearth conversations that had previously never been heard before. McCartney wondered,
- could the same be achieved with the shelved recording he had long considered unfinished
- business?
- Jackson, de la Rey, and a dedicated sound team got to work, applying the same technique
- to separate Lennon’s vocal performance from the piano, while maintaining the integrity and clarity
- of the original recording. “There it was, John’s voice, crystal clear,” McCartney says, of the moment
- he heard Lennon’s clean vocals for the first time. “It’s quite emotional. And we all play on it, it’s a
- genuine Beatles recording. In 2023, to still be working on Beatles music, and about to release a
- new song the public haven’t heard, I think it’s an exciting thing.” He and Starr completed the song
- last year. “It was the closest we’ll ever come to having him back in the room so it was very
- emotional for all of us,” Starr says. “It was like John was there, you know. It’s far out.”
- This final chapter of The Beatles’ recorded history will also be marked by two collections —
- The Beatles’ 1962-1966 (The Red Album) and The Beatles 1967-1970 (The Blue Album). The
- release of “Now and Then” will be preceded by a 12-minute documentary, scheduled for a global
- premiere __ The Beatles’ YouTube channel __ 1 November __ 7.30 pm. The short film tells the
- full story behind the making of the song, and features exclusive footage __ McCartney, Starr,
- Harrison, Jackson, and Sean Lennon, who’s John’s son. The official music video will then be
- debuted __ Friday 3 November. “It was incredibly touching to hear them working together after
- all the years that dad had been gone. It’s the last song my dad, Paul, George and Ringo got to
- make together,” Sean Lennon says. “It’s like a time capsule and all feels very meant to be.”
(Available in: https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/last-beatles-song-now-and-then-john-lennon-b2436396.html – text especially adapted for this test)
Which of the following topics was NOT mentioned in the text?
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Questão 244
ID 3172324Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Some / any
Ano: 2023 Banca: Avalia - Instituto Avalia Órgão: Secretaria de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul
Identify the sentence with the appropriate quantifier.
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Questão 245
ID 3172323Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: FEPESE - Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Socioeconômicos Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Caxambu do Sul
Generations
Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe are known____________their theories about cycles___________ generations _____________American history. In their seminal Generations, and the subsequent 13th Gen, and The Fourth Turning, they explore the history of America_____________ 1584 to the present as a repeating cycle of 4 consecutive generational archetypes. They refer_____________ each cycle of four generations as a constellation, and they posit that each constellational era corresponds to “5 recurring types of historical events” and moods. They state that adjacent generations do not live similar lives, and that each generation ages as a singular cohort as time moves forward. If one were to place this progression on a graph, the line would form a diagonal – which Strauss and Howe call the “generational diagonal.” According to Strauss and Howe, each generation is comprised of people who possess: 1) common age, 2) common beliefs, and 3) perceived membership in the same generation. A generation is approximately 22 years in length. Since a lifetime may reach 80–90 years, members of 4 generations are alive at one time.
The four generational archetypes identified by Strauss and Howe are Idealist, Reactive, Civic, and Adaptive. Idealists are “increasingly indulged youths after a secular crisis,” come of age “inspiring a spiritual awakening,” cultivate principle rather than practicality or pragmatism in midlife, and emerge as “visionary elders.” Reactives grow up “underprotected and criticized youths during a spiritual awakening,” mature into risk taking adults, unlike the preceding generation at midlife, mellow into “pragmatic midlife leaders during a secular crisis,” and become reclusive elders. Civics grow up “increasingly protected youths after a spiritual awakening,” become “a heroic and achieving cadre of young adults,” build institutions as midlifers, and “emerge as busy midlifers, attacked by the next spiritual awakening.” Adaptives grow up as “overprotected and suffocated youths during a secular crisis,” unlike the previous generation as young adults, become “risk-averse, conformist rising adults,” mature into “indecisive arbitrator leaders during a spiritual awakening,” and become sensitive elders.
The authors believe that the archetypical generations have recurred in fixed order throughout American history with one exception: following the Civil War, one type did not appear. As each generational archetype shifts from one phase of life to the next, the succeeding generations line up in a predictably recurring pattern. For example, when the Idealists are elders, the Reactives are in midlife, the Civics are in rising adulthood, and the Adaptives are in youth.
The central role of the elders, aged 66–87, is that of stewardship, such as supervising and mentoring. The central role of midlife, aged 44-65, is leadership, such as parenting and teaching. The central role of rising adulthood is activity, such as working and starting families. The central role of youth, aged 0 to 21 is dependence, such as growing and learning.
According to the text, what happens to the Civic generation as its members enter midlife?
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Questão 246
ID 3172322Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Metodologias e Abordagens de Ensino | Teaching Methods And Approaches
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES - Instituto Americano de Desenvolvimento Órgão: Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal
Considerando aspectos de ensino e aprendizagem, julgue os itens a seguir.
O método tradicional de ensino de inglês compreende a tradução e memorização de aspectos gramaticais.
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Questão 247
ID 3172321Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Sinônimos | Synonyms
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST - Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular da USP Órgão: Universidade de São Paulo
TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 78 A 80
We've been given no shortage of digital tools that should, in theory, help us work better, with more focus and efficiency, and connect us more easily with our colleagues. Instead, email, instant messaging, remote-meeting apps, work-flow and project-management software can feel like buckets with holes in the bottom, maddeningly inadequate to the task of keeping us from drowning in work. It's clear that something in the great digital-workplace experiment has gone wrong. Or maybe it's more accurate to say that it's still too early to expect that we would have figured out how to make things go right. "We're working now with new technologies that only emerged in the late '90s," says Cal Newport, a Georgetown computer-science professor. "The idea that we immediatelv figured out the best way to use them is ahistorical. Of course we haven't gotten it right yet."
Disponível em http://www.nytimes.com (adaptado).
A expressão sublinhada no trecho "The idea that we immediately figured out the best way to use them is ahistorical" pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do sentido, por
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Questão 248
ID 3172320Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Sinônimos | Synonyms
Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Fucapsul Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Imbituba
Text one
ELF – ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option" ELF is "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native-speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used in spoken, written and in computer-mediated communication. ELF research focuses on the pragmatics of variation which is manifest in the variable use of the resources of English for a wide range of globalized purposes, in important formal encounters such as business transactions, international diplomacy and conflict resolution, as well as in informal exchanges between international friends.
Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca
All the alternatives below present the correct definition of the words extracted from the text above, except for one. Mark it:
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Questão 249
ID 3172319Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Preposições de Tempo | Prepositions Of Time
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Coronel Pilar
The Rise of the “Bike Bus” Movement
01 On Earth Day* 2022, Sam Balto, a physical education teacher in Portland, convinced a few
02 dozen parents to send their kids to school on their bikes and posted the first in a series of videos
03 that turned his “bike bus” into a viral sensation. Balto has continued documenting his weekly
04 bike buses with joyous videos that show students rolling to school while he blasts music from an
05 eclectic collection of artists, including AC/DC, Metallica, and OneRepublic. Over time, these
06 boisterous bike buses have grown to more than 150 kids. “The more these kids practice riding
07 bikes, the more confident they become. And now they want to keep riding on non-bike bus days,
08 and even on rainy days!” said Balto.
09 Balto’s bike bus is much more than a fad. His TikTok and Twitter videos have raked in
10 millions of views, inspiring similar initiatives in New York, New Jersey, Florida, Utah, Ohio, and
11 Texas. Bike buses previously existed in European cities such as Barcelona and London, but new
12 ones in cities like Cape Town are now joining the trend. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the
13 National Center for Safe Routes to School, said biking and walking to school have myriad benefits,
14 including “improving air quality, improving safety for walkers and bicyclists, increasing physical
15 activity, and making it easier for school buses and others who can’t actively travel to school to
16 arrive to school on time.”
17 Balto has also triggered real political change by working with lawmakers to pass a so-called
18 “Bike Bus Bill”, that was signed into law by Oregon Governor Tina Kotek in August. “The bill
19 brings flexibility so school districts can now use student transportation funds, which were
20 previously only for school buses, to pay for crossing guards or adults to lead walking school buses
21 or bike buses. It’s awesome.” Balto said. And he is not the only bike bus leader driving positive
22 change in Oregon… Last year, Megan Ramey, who has been organizing a bike bus ___ 2020, was
23 named the Safe Routes to School Manager at Hood River County School District and since then,
24 she has secured nearly \$11 million in funding to make it safer for kids to walk and bike to school.
25 “I feel like I'm in a cash-grabbing machine. We just got \$7 million to create an off-road trail to
26 the high school. This means kids will be able to bike to high school on a green trail instead of a
27 car-centered road,” said Ramey.
28 Nearly 90% of kids walked to school in 1969. Half a century later, in 2017, that number
29 had fallen to just 10%. That year, a third of students took the school bus and more than half
30 were driven in a private vehicle. This has led to more pollution, with researchers finding that
31 toxic car fumes have an adverse effect on attention, reasoning, and academic performance
32 among school children. In New York, the Open Schools Program has helped increase biking and
33 walking in the 65 schools that restricted traffic during drop-off and pick-up times this year, said
34 Sabina Sethi Unni, who works at Open Plans, a non-profit that supports the shift to walkable
35 cities. “This program makes kids more comfortable with walking and biking at a young age. When
36 they get older, they will be cyclists instead of car users,” said Unni.
(Available in: https://www.distilled.earth/p/the-rise-of-the-bike-bus-movement – text especially adapted for this test).
*Earth Day: a day in April designated for promoting concern for the environment (Merriam-Webster).
The word that correctly completes the gap in line 22 is:
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Questão 250
ID 3172318Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Voz Passiva | Passive Voice
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP - Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista Órgão: Escola de Formação Complementar do Exército
Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 41 e 42.
To share knowledge in the academic world, researchers might need to publish their research articles (RAs) in high-impact journals. And, to do that, they should improve their writing skills. Many investigations have analyzed the distribution of metadiscourse markers in RA, but no study has yet investigated the use of metadiscourse markers in RAs abstracts of applied linguistics. To bridge this gap, the present study has analyzed distribution of metadiscourse markers in 125 RA abstracts, which were extracted from five main journals. Findings show the high frequency of transitions and large use of hedges in the abstracts analyzed. Academic writing instruction is then claimed to be of utmost importance for novice authors taking graduate and post-graduate courses.
(Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(4), 2077-2096; 2020. Adaptado)
Written genres in the academic and scientific spheres make large use of the impersonal passive voice. Select, from the following fragments in bold, the correct impersonal passive construction such as the one found in “Academic writing instruction is claimed to be of utmost importance”:
Translanguaging has been gaining prominence as a way to understand multilingual practices; however, there are still questions to be answered regarding its application in various educational contexts. This study investigates the significance of translanguaging by comparing discourses in classes being taught by the same teacher, and in situations where students are expected to learn English as an additional language. Data have included screen recordings as well as teacher and student interviews.
(https://www.uv.uio.no. Adaptado)
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Questão 251
ID 3172317Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Substituição de Palavras e Reescrita de Frases | Word Substitution And Sentence Rewriting
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE CEBRASPE - Centro de Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos UnB Órgão: Ministério das Relações Exteriores
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thought-transference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort. The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material “disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a question of translating his work into another language, the nature of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal “genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in saying that a work of literary art can never be translated. Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted).
Choose the option in which the fragment “No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the law of his medium than we realize” (last sentence of the second paragraph of text 1A2-I) is correctly rewritten, without changing its meaning or harming its correctness.
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Questão 252
ID 3172316Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: FEPESE - Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Socioeconômicos Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Caxambu do Sul
Pollution
Thick black smoke curling out of smokestacks, horrible-tasting chemicals in your drinking water, pesticides in your food - these are examples of pollution. Pollution is any contamination of the environment which causes harm to the environment or the inhabitants of the environment. There are many kinds of pollution, and there are many pollutants. Some obvious kinds of pollution are pollution of the air, soil, and water. Some less obvious, or less salient kinds of pollution are radioactive, noise, light pollution, and green-house gasses.
Air pollution can be caused by particles, liquids, or gases that make the air harmful to breathe. There are two main types of air pollution: primary and secondary. Primary pollutants enter the air directly, like smoke from factories and car exhaust. Secondary pollutants are chemicals that mix together to pollute the air, like mixtures of emissions, or waste output, from vehicles and factory smoke that change to form more dangerous pollutants in the air and sunlight.
Soil pollution can be caused by pesticides, leakage..........................chemical tanks, oil spills, and other chemicals..........................get into the soil by dumping or accidental contamination. Soil pollution can also cause water pollution.............................underground water becomes contaminated by coming.............................contact with the polluted soil.
Water pollution can be caused by waste products, sewage, oil spills, and litter in streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Some scientists believe that water pollution is the largest cause of death and disease in the world, causing about 14,000 deaths in the world each day.
Radioactive pollution can be caused by leaks or spills of radioactive materials. These materials can come from medical sources, nuclear power plants, or laboratories which handle radioactive materials. Air, soil, and water can be polluted by radioactivity. It can cause damage to animals, both internally and externally, by eating, drinking, or touching it. It can cause birth defects and genetic problems. It can cause certain cancers and other deadly diseases.
Noise pollution can be caused by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise. It can also be caused by military or experimental sonar. Noise has health effects on people and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems. In animals, it can cause communication, reproductive, and navigation problems – they have difficulty finding their direction. Sonar has even caused whales to beach themselves because they respond to the sonar as if it were another whale.
Light pollution can be caused by advertising signs, stadium and city lighting, and other artificial lighting (like the light caused by night traffic). Artificial lighting has health effects on humans and animals. In people, it can cause high blood pressure and affect sleeping and waking rhythms and immunity. It might be a factor in some cancers, such as breast cancer. In animals, it can affect sleeping and waking rhythms, navigation, and reproduction.
In addition, greenhouse gases have caused a warming effect on the earth’s climate. The greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. They are naturally–occurring gases in the atmosphere, but human activity has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. For example, the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have risen due to the burning of fossil fuels. The effect is a rise in global temperatures. The higher temperatures cause the melting of glaciers, a rise in the water level of oceans, and the disruption of both land and marine life, including that of humans. Although carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to survive, it is also considered to be a kind of pollution because high levels of carbon dioxide have caused the oceans to become more acidic.
It is not possible for anyone to predict the exact timing and effects of global pollution and global climate change brought about by pollution. There is general agreement by scientists that the global climate will continue to change, that the intensity of weather effects will continue to increase, and that some species of animals will become extinct. There is also general agreement, or consensus, that humans need to take steps to reduce emissions of waste products and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, make adaptations to the changes that are occurring, and figure out ways of reversing the trends of pollution and global warming.
Study these sentences bellow and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to structure and grammar use.
( ) After today I will had worked here for ten years.
( ) What did he get for Christmas? she asked.
( ) In two days, I will be the fifth person to land on the moon.
( ) Gas in Alaska is the most cheapest gas in all the world.
( ) The work has to be done by Monday.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
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Questão 253
ID 3172315Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV - Fundação Getúlio Vargas Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de São José dos Campos
Read Text IV and answer the ten questions that follow it
Text IV
Teaching Reading Strategies
No matter what we are reading there are effective reading strategies we call on in order to make meaning from the text. Many of these strategies can be taught with comics and graphic novels. The ones highlighted below are particularly important when reading graphic texts.
Drawing Inferences
In comics and graphic novels, perhaps more than any other text, readers must build understanding by filling in gaps. A whole world of information is left in the gutter between the panels. The comic artist expects the reader to infer the action that takes place off the page. The more complex and sophisticated the comic, the more important this strategy becomes. If the reader is not making inferences, he is lost. Understanding this strategy and using it effectively will help students read ’between the lines’ in more traditional print narratives.
Visualization
Students who struggle with reading may not understand what should be going on in the reader’s imagination during reading. With comics and other visual texts, the images are there for the reader. Through comics students can be taught how to create their own mental images when reading more traditional texts.
It is important that students understand the visual cues that are provided in the text. Although the words and images work together to tell the story, comics are primarily visual narratives. Therefore readers must draw on and integrate some important background knowledge and understandings about visual texts, comic elements and narrative structures in order to make meaning. The more knowledge readers have about the way visual texts work, the more successful they are likely to be.
Adapted from https://www.literacytoday.ca/home/reading/reading-strategies/reading-visual-texts/reading-comics
The structure of the sentence “The more complex and sophisticated the comic, the more important this strategy becomes” (2nd paragraph) shows a:
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Questão 254
ID 3172314Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Leia o texto a seguir:
Competent digital reading involves mastering the skills needed to cope with these characteristics: navigation of hypertext documents (e.g. selection of what sources to read, how to sequence the reading), understanding and integrating different sources of information (e.g. connecting information from different web pages) and evaluation of information (e.g. evaluating the quality of the claims in a web page) (Salmerón et al., 2018).
Source: Salmerón (2018).
Com base na imagem acima, analise as assertivas abaixo e assinale V, se verdadeiras, ou F, se falsas.
( ) Os autores argumentam que a leitura digital demanda habilidades extras se comparada com a leitura tradicional.
( ) A competência de navegação demanda uma busca ativa por informações online que se alinhem com o objetivo de leitura e pesquisa, o que automaticamente implica a utilização da estratégia de leitura scanning.
( ) A competência de integração não demanda que sejam integradas informações de diferentes modalidades.
( ) A competência de avaliação se restringe à verificação de notícias falsas contidas nas páginas da web.
A ordem correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é:
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Questão 255
ID 3172313Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Voz Ativa | Active Voice
Ano: 2023 Banca: IBFC - Instituto Brasileiro de Formação e Capacitação Órgão: Secretaria de Educação e Esporte do Acre
Text: The importance of the PowerPoint as a classroom resource
(Text adapted from Teachers: 5 Tips for Creating Great PowerPoint Presentations, retrieved)
PowerPoint is a resource developed by Microsoft and released initially in 1990. It is mainly used in professional meeting presentations all over the world.
One of these professions is in educational area: teacher.
PowerPoint presentation is spread among teachers because it is different from lecturing or teaching with a textbook; it is also a way of sharing content with students.
To produce a PowerPoint correctly, teachers need to know how to put the slides together, it can be an effective way of reinforcing content to students so that they are better able to retain it. Otherwise, teachers can print and distribute the PowerPoint presentation or post it online, so students can go back and access it as reference material. However, if it is not put together correctly, a PowerPoint presentation can disengage and make students bored.
To develop PowerPoint presentation is simple and it can also provide a fun time noticed by its characteristics: basic, simple, and not distracting, it can be focused on keywords; for instance, always be sure to include a summary slide of what the presentation is intending to accomplish as well as a table of contents on the different topics that will be covered in the program. The summary slide serves as the main topic and what students should learn after viewing the presentation. Then, at the end of the PowerPoint presentation, teachers should include another summary slide, going over everything that was just covered and, again, highlighting the main point.
Bottom line
PowerPoint presentations need to have a purpose and the teacher must make sure that the purpose is understood.
Add pictures
Teachers can reinforce the content with pictures, charts, symbols, and other images. In fact, sometimes it’s better to have more pictures than text in a PowerPoint presentation, because images work to reinforce a content main point.
Teachers typically will just share it with their classes, so they can pull images straight from the Internet. However, for teachers who are making more public and widespread presentations, copyright law needs to be considered (Brazil Information Access Law nº 12.527; Art. 31; paragraph 3; item II).
Add video
Pictures can help to reinforce a main point or support content, as well as videos. Some research affirm that students enjoy watching videos and retain information from them well, especially if the video is engaging, interesting and informative. Teachers can embed videos right from YouTube or from their desktops to complement a PowerPoint presentation.
Practice
Nothing turns off a class like a poorly put together PowerPoint presentation, so teachers should always be sure to do a quick rehearsal before they present it to the class. While testing it, make sure all the images load up on the slides, videos load up properly and audio works, too. Also, it’s important for teachers to make sure that there’s a way to connect their computer, or upload anything that’s storing the PowerPoint presentation, to a larger TV monitor or projector screen so the whole class does not have to huddle around a computer screen to view it. Teachers should also make sure that any text can be read and understood. Be sure that the color scheme is good.
Make it fun
A PowerPoint presentation can be an innovative way of teaching. It’s a more interesting and engaging way for students to learn than the typical lecture. Teachers should embrace this teaching resource and have fun with it. Throw in some jokes, possibly some funny pictures and be sure to get creative with presentations.
As we previously noted, the more students enjoy a lecture, presentation, or activity, the more likely they are to retain information.
As questões 16 até 29 foram desenvolvidas em língua inglesa
Read the fragments from the text and tick the alternative that is not a passive voice structure.
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Questão 256
ID 3172312Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC - Fundação Universidade Empresa de Tecnologia e Ciências Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Santa Rosa
Instruction: answer questions 51 to 60 based on the following text.
Forget New Year’s Resolutions.
Try This Goal-Setting Method Instead.
- The mantra “new year, new me” is long gone thanks to the realization that it puts a huge
- amount of pressure on individuals, and it also insinuates that you need to be “new” (for the
- record, you don’t). But New Year’s resolutions still exist for many — whether you’re hoping to
- eat healthier or get a hold of your finances.
- Unfortunately, far-reaching goals can be unattainable and can make people feel bad about
- ……………… if and when they fail — and more than half of these yearlong resolutions will fail,
- according to Emma Mahony, a therapist at Better Life Therapy in Philadelphia and a mental health
- content creator on TikTok.
- “People end up failing because [of] the intense, concrete, absolute goals that are so far
- off from where we are now”, Mahony said.
- Bottom line: It’s hard to stick to a strict and lofty goal. Instead, consider a different
- approach: Tackle smaller, monthly themes instead of one big resolution.
- These themes can be part of a larger goal, like improving your mental or physical health,
- or they can just be self-improvement themes that resonate with you. For example, maybe in
- January your theme is “cook more at home” rather than a resolution of “lose weight”. If your
- bigger goal is to improve your mental well-being, you may want spend one month doing a
- mindfulness exercise every day, Mahony said. The key is to pick something actionable and small
- rather than stumbling toward a vague ambition.
- Setting monthly themes can be exciting and easier than a resolution, all while fueling some
- positive change in your life. According to Tasha Bailey, a psychotherapist in London and a mental
- health content creator on Instagram, having monthly goals instead of a yearlong resolution helps
- ease the pressure that can come with a big New Year’s Day resolution.
- “It’s such a unique thing [and] it’s such a personal thing — there’s no wrong or right way”
- to set monthly themes, Bailey said.
- She added that if you don’t feel like setting your themes for the upcoming months at the
- start of the year, that’s OK. You can create your themes on whatever day feels right for you,
- whether that is an upcoming birthday or a random day in March.
- Also, Bailey said, if yearly resolutions work for you instead, there is nothing wrong with
- that. “Try to let go of the pressure to follow what everybody else is doing, and do what feels
- right for you”, Bailey added.
- Mahony noted that your goals don’t have to be a huge shift in your life. She said you
- should commit to something that feels sustainable, something you want to cultivate and
- something that is important to you. You’ll be more likely to stick to your monthly themes if you
- actually enjoy what you’re working toward.
- “Any step in the right direction is a step, even if it’s small”, Mahony added.
(Avalaible in: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/monthly-theme-new-years-
resolution_l_63bc2255e4b0d6f0b9fcc276 – text especially adapted for this test).
“It’s hard to stick to a strict and lofty goal” (l. 11). By ‘lofty goal’, the author means:
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Questão 257
ID 3172311Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Consequência | Consequence
Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Fucapsul Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Imbituba
Text two
GLOBALIZATION, GEOPOLITICS AND ELF
Major technological advances in the 21st century have enabled instant global communication, thus breaking the barriers of space and time between different locations on the planet. The world has turned into an interconnected global system, which requires a shared means of communication. English fulfills the need for a global lingua franca, as it has spread to large areas of the world due to various factors such as:
- Spread of the Latin script;
- Colonisation, mainly by the British Empire, thereby making English into the language with the most countries recognizing it as an official language;
- The widespread teaching of English as a second or foreign language;
- Spread of Christianity via Christian missions and Christianization;
- American manufacturing and exporting might;
- The development of the American research university, which enabled the United States to lead the world in the academic development of science, engineering, arts, and humanities;
- Consumption and influence of core Anglosphere entertainment industries, including film, music and literature;
- American military and political hegemony over Western Europe due to the American and British victory in World War II, followed by the spread of English to many parts of Eastern Europe and former Eastern Bloc countries after the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, with the subsequent enlargement of the European Union encouraging said spread of English; and
- The invention of the Internet, its first widespread use in the United States, and English being the most used language on the Internet. Because of the use of English as a lingua franca in international trade and intercultural communication, native speakers of English are outnumbered by non-native speakers. A consequence of this is a sense of ownership of the language which is shared by different communities. For instance, international communication via ELF has facilitated exchange between China and the rest of the world, thus sustaining international trade. But once a language is appropriated by new communities, it is then adapted to ....I.... specific needs. Consequently, the English language is undergoing change, and this change is being brought about mostly by its non-native speakers.
Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca
The word “thus”, underlined in the first paragraph of the second text, could be replaced with no harm to the meaning of sentence by all the alternatives below, except for one. Mark it.
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Questão 258
ID 3172310Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Notícias e Artigos Jornalísticos | News Articles
Ano: 2023 Banca: Objetiva Concursos Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Candiota
The world’s oldest map of the night sky was amazingly accurate
Newly discovered fragments of 2,200-year-old star coordinates—once thought lost—reveal the incredible skill of the ancient astronomer Hipparchus.
Some 2,200 years ago, the Greek astronomer Hipparchus helped ___________ a new way of understanding the motions of the stars that persists to this day. By imagining Earth at the center of a celestial sphere, he used a coordinate system similar to latitude and longitude, which had recently been devised, to measure the precise positions of the stars.
“He was arguably the greatest ancient astronomer. At least the greatest known to us by name,” says Victor Gysembergh, a science historian at the French National Center for Scientific Research.
Many ancient Greek scientists believed that Earth was literally at the center of the universe, and the stars and other celestial bodies rotated around it, although a model with Earth orbiting the sun was ___________ in the 3rd century B.C. Although this geocentric model is incorrect, the concept, which Hipparchus used to create the first known star catalog, is still used by scientists to map objects in the sky.
Hipparchus’s star catalog is the oldest known attempt to document the positions of as many objects in the night sky as possible, and it was the first time that two coordinates were used to pinpoint each object’s location. But that original catalog is lost to time, and we know of it only thanks to the writings of later scientists such as Ptolemy, who created his own star catalog around 150 A.D. and attributed an earlier one to Hipparchus. Until now, the oldest evidence for stellar coordinates from Hipparchus was an 8th-century A.D. Latin translation of a poem about the constellations that includes the coordinates as a kind of annotation.
Gysembergh and his ___________ recently revealed even older evidence of star coordinates from Hipparchus in a 5th- or 6th-century A.D. Greek version of the same poem, Phenomena, originally written by the Greek poet Aratus in the 3rd century B.C. The poem, along with the accompanying star coordinates, had been erased from a reused medieval parchment and was recovered only through multispectral imaging, which uses different wavelengths of light to highlight the removed text.
The coordinates for the four stars to the farthest north, south, east, and west of the constellation Corona Borealis are included, though one of them could not be recovered from the manuscript. They were found to be accurate to within one degree of modern values—a remarkable achievement for someone working about 1,700 years before the invention of the telescope.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
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Questão 259
ID 3172309Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Voz Ativa | Active Voice
Ano: 2023 Banca: Instituto Fucapsul Órgão: Prefeitura Municipal de Imbituba
Text one
ELF – ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option" ELF is "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native-speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used in spoken, written and in computer-mediated communication. ELF research focuses on the pragmatics of variation which is manifest in the variable use of the resources of English for a wide range of globalized purposes, in important formal encounters such as business transactions, international diplomacy and conflict resolution, as well as in informal exchanges between international friends.
Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca
The sentence “While lingua francas have been used for centuries” is in the passive voice form.
Now look at alternatives below and choose the one which is not in the passive voice.
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Questão 260
ID 3172308Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Assunto: Interpretação de Texto | Text Interpretation
Ano: 2023 Banca: UFRRJ - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Órgão: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Leia o texto II e responda às questões de 18 a 20.
TEXTO II
AMBIENT SOUND TO PLANT FINDER APPS: WHAT HIDDEN FEATURES
DOES MY PHONE HAVE?
Jennifer Jolly Special to USA TODAY. Published 5:35p.m. ET Jan. 24,2023 | Updated 12:25 p.m. ET Jan. 26, 2023
Smartphones are the obvious must-have tech gadget in 2023. More than 85% of us have one. We use it for several hours a day for just about everything from texting, talking, and taking photos or videos — to shopping, working, social media-ing, and so much more.
Still, are we getting the most out of our magical little do-everything devices? Probably not.
Gadget-makers add handy new tricks all the time. For instance, did you know that many smartphones now come with a built-in white noise machine? I didn’t, until I happened upon the feature buried in my accessibility settings a few days ago.
Take a look at that little bit of genius, plus a handful of other fun and useful tips to help you save time, money, and sanity. [...]
How can I use my phone to identify a plant?
Use your camera or photos to identify plants, landmarks, wine, and more.
Just last year, I paid a pretty penny to identify plants in my own backyard with a special app. Now, my phone does it for free.
For iPhones, this feature’s called Visual Look Up. For Androids, you can keep using Google Lens.
On an iPhone: Go to your Camera app, snap the photo, then look for the small "i" icon at the bottom, in the middle of a circle. As long as it has two small stars at its top-left corner, you’re in luck. Visual Look Up information is available for that photo.
You can also go back through your Photo app and find this on an older photo. You're good to go as long as the small “i” icon with the two stars is there.
Swipe up on the photo or tap that icon to see more of what the AI “sees” in the photo.
Either tap Look Up in the middle of your screen or tap that little “pin” icon to see what Siri can figure out about it.
Usually, it takes you to a Wikipedia page and shows other similar photos.
On most Androids: I usually use Google Lens for this as well. Bixby Vision is easy for Samsung devices too — and it’s all super similar to how it works for iPhones.
Open the Google Lens Camera app, tap the shutter button, and it automatically searches.
If you’re looking through a photo or video you already took — tap that photo and tap the little eye icon for Bixby Vision.
Adaptado de: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2023/01/24/hidden-smartphone-features-iphone-android/11113779002/ Acesso em 26.01.2023
Na sentença: “Now, my phone does it for free.”, o pronome “it” se refere à palavra