Questão 96882

Analyze the following statements regarding the principles and practices of summative assessment in the evaluation of English language proficiency.

I. Summative assessments are inherently norm-referenced, designed primarily to rank students against their peers rather than to measure their performance against a set of predetermined criteria.

II. A final oral presentation in an advanced English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course, graded with a detailed rubric and contributing significantly to the final grade, functions as a summative assessment of the student's communicative competence in that specific context.

III. The validity of a summative assessment in reading comprehension is contingent not only on the authenticity of the texts but also on the cognitive complexity of the tasks, ensuring they assess higher-order thinking skills like inference and synthesis, not just literal comprehension.

Based on the analysis, which statements are correct?