Questão 96847

Analyze the following statements regarding the application of top-down and bottom-up processing models to L2 reading instruction.

I. An instructional approach that begins with pre-reading activities, such as brainstorming about the topic, predicting content from the title, and discussing cultural context, is primarily leveraging top-down processing to facilitate comprehension.

II. A phonics-based decoding exercise, where students are taught to meticulously sound out each grapheme-phoneme correspondence in unfamiliar words before attempting to understand a sentence, exemplifies a purely bottom-up pedagogical strategy.

III. According to interactive reading models, proficient reading is achieved not by prioritizing one processing direction over the other, but by the dynamic and simultaneous interplay between top-down (knowledge-driven) and bottom-up (data-driven) processes.

Based on the analysis, it is correct to state that: