Questão 739858

Text IV

1 ____The basic instruments of public diplomacy are hardly

new. The United States, for example, has conducted

educational and cultural exchange programs for almost

4 sixty years. Cultural diplomacy is usually an exercise in

deferred gratification, since such exchange programs typically

don’t offer immediate or obvious payoffs. Instead, programs

7 such as the Fulbright educational exchanges represent a

long-term strategic investment in establishing mutual trust and

understanding. Similarly, the US information programs

10 overseas have a long pedigree: the daily Washington File

(formerly the Wireless File) began operation in the State

Department in 1935 after an ambassador complained that the

13 slow distribution of official information was “about as useful

as a Roman ruin in a fast-changing world”.

The flow of information since has neither slowed nor

16 stopped changing. In recent months, the biggest internal

change, of course, has been integration. Public diplomacy

programs, once administered by the US Information Agency,

19 are now integrated into the Department of State under the

Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs.

Moreover, public diplomacy officers serve in each of the

22 Department’s regional and functional bureaus and in public

affairs sections of the embassy.

Internet: <www.publicdiplomacy.org> (adapted).

In text IV the expression “deferred gratification” (l.5) could be replaced, without changing of meaning, by (decide whether the items below are right — C — or wrong — E):

expected gratification.