Questão 67143 de Língua Inglesa - PERFIL 2025

Questão

ID 67143

Disciplina: Língua Inglesa

Assuntos: Compreensão e Produção Oral | Listening And Speaking, Metodologias e Abordagens de Ensino | Teaching Methods And Approaches

Ano: 2025 Banca: PERFIL - ENADE Órgão: Terceiro Simulado Pnd

An SLA (Second Language Acquisition) professor is discussing theories of language processing, focusing on the specific challenges of L2 listening comprehension. She wants to move her student-teachers beyond a simplistic view of listening as a passive skill of 'catching' words. She introduces a dual-process model of listening, which posits that comprehension is an active process involving both 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' processing. She explains: 'Bottom-up processing is text-driven; it's the decoding of the acoustic signal into phonemes, words, and sentences. Top-down processing is concept-driven; it's the use of our prior knowledge—about the topic, the context, the speaker, the genre—to make predictions and inferences that guide our comprehension. Proficient listeners use both processes simultaneously and interactively. Many L2 learner difficulties arise from an over-reliance on bottom-up processing, where they try to decode every single word, get stuck on an unknown word, and lose the overall meaning.' The professor presents a scenario: a group of intermediate L2 learners has to listen to a news broadcast about a topic they know very little about.

Based on the dual-process model, what would be the most effective pedagogical strategy to support the students' listening comprehension in this scenario?

Alternativa A:
A purely bottom-up approach: The teacher tells the students to just listen carefully and try to write down every word they hear (a transcription task), which would likely lead to cognitive overload and frustration.
Alternativa B:
An integrated approach that focuses on activating top-down processes before listening. The teacher would conduct a pre-listening stage where she introduces the topic, shows some key images related to the news story, pre-teaches a few crucial vocabulary items, and asks students to predict what they might hear. This builds a 'schema' that will help them to process the text more efficiently, even if they don't understand every word.
Alternativa C:
A purely top-down approach: The teacher doesn't play the audio at all. She just asks the students to discuss what they already know about the topic, an activity which practices speaking but not listening.
Alternativa D:
The teacher plays the audio at a very slow speed, distorting the natural rhythm and intonation of the speech, which hinders the development of real-world listening skills.

Estatísticas Cadernos

Questão 67143

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