Questão 66938

A teacher educator is presenting a workshop on how different linguistic theories influence classroom practice, focusing on the teaching of grammar. She wants to demonstrate how a teacher's choice of activity can reveal their implicit 'theory of language.' The grammatical point she chooses is the distinction between the stative and dynamic uses of verbs (e.g., 'I am having a great time' vs. 'I have a car'). She presents the workshop participants (future teachers) with four different pedagogical proposals for teaching this distinction. Her aim is for the participants to analyze these proposals and identify the underlying linguistic theory informing each one. The theoretical background she provides is a brief summary: 'Prescriptivism focuses on establishing and enforcing 'correct' usage rules. Structuralism sees language as a system of forms and structures to be described and drilled. Generativism is concerned with the innate, abstract rules (competence) that generate all possible sentences. Cognitive/Functional Linguistics views grammar as emerging from patterns of use and conceptualization, and emphasizes the meaning and function of grammatical constructions.'

Analyze the following pedagogical proposals:

I. A worksheet that presents the 'rule' ('some verbs are not used in the continuous form') and then asks students to correct sentences like 'I am wanting an ice cream.'
II. A set of substitution drills where students repeat sentences, changing the subject (e.g., Teacher: 'He is thinking about the problem.' Student: 'She is thinking about the problem.').
III. A guided discovery task where students analyze authentic examples (from a corpus or text) and are guided to understand the conceptual difference between a verb denoting a state (a stable condition) and a verb denoting an action (a process unfolding in time).
IV. A detailed explanation of the syntactic features [+stative] and [-dynamic] as part of the lexical entry of verbs in the mental lexicon.

Which option correctly matches the pedagogical proposals with their most likely underlying linguistic theory?