Questão 662821

Read Text I and answer questions 15 to 22

Text I

World Energy Outlook 2021

In 2020, even while economies bent under the weight of

----Covid-19 lockdowns, renewable sources of energy such as wind

----and solar PV continued to grow rapidly, and electric vehicles

----set new sales records. The new energy economy will be more

05--electrified, efficient, interconnected and clean. Its emergenceelectrified, efficient, interconnected and clean. Its emergence

----is the product of a virtuous circle of policy action and

----technology innovation, and its momentum is now sustained by

----lower costs. In most markets, solar PV or wind now represents

----the cheapest available source of new electricity generation.

10--Clean energy technology is becoming a major new area forClean energy technology is becoming a major new area for

----investment and employment – and a dynamic arena for

----international collaboration and competition.

At the moment, however, every data point showing the

----speed of change in energy can be countered by another

15--showing the stubbornness of the status quo. The rapid butshowing the stubbornness of the status quo. The rapid but

----uneven economic recovery from last year’s Covid-induced

----recession is putting major strains on parts of today’s energy

----system, sparking sharp price rises in natural gas, coal and

----electricity markets. For all the advances being made by

20--renewables and electric mobility, 2021 is seeing a largerenewables and electric mobility, 2021 is seeing a large

----rebound in coal and oil use. Largely for this reason, it is also

----seeing the second-largest annual increase in CO₂ emissions in

----history. Public spending on sustainable energy in economic

----recovery packages has only mobilised around one-third of the

25--investment required to jolt the energy system onto a new setinvestment required to jolt the energy system onto a new set

----of rails, with the largest shortfall in developing economies that

----continue to face a pressing public health crisis. Progress

----towards universal energy access has stalled, especially in sub-

----Saharan Africa.

30-----The direction of travel is a long way from alignment withThe direction of travel is a long way from alignment with

----the IEA’s landmark Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE),

----published in May 2021, which charts a narrow but achievable

----roadmap to a 1.5C stabilisation in rising global temperatures

----and the achievement of other energy-related sustainable

35--development goals.development goals.

Pressures on the energy system are not going to relent in

----the coming decades. The energy sector is responsible for

----almost three-quarters of the emissions that have already

----pushed global average temperatures 1.1C higher since the pre-

40--industrial age, with visible impacts on weather and climateindustrial age, with visible impacts on weather and climate

----extremes. The energy sector has to be at the heart of the

----solution to climate change.

At the same time, modern energy is inseparable from the

----livelihoods and aspirations of a global population that is set to

45--grow by some 2 billion people to 2050, with rising incomesgrow by some 2 billion people to 2050, with rising incomes

----pushing up demand for energy services, and many developing

----economies navigating what has historically been an energy --

----and emissions-intensive period of urbanisation and

----industrialisation. Today’s energy system is not capable of

50--meeting these challenges; a low emissions revolution is longmeeting these challenges; a low emissions revolution is long

----overdue.

(Source: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021/executive-

summary)

The extract that states that the transformation discussed in the text has met some resistance is: