Questão 567249

Instruções: As questões de números 15 a 19 referem-se ao texto apresentado abaixo.

Atenção: Para responder as questões de números 15 e 16 escolha, dentre as cinco alternativas, aquela que, apropriadamente, completa a oração levando em conta o texto como um todo.

Malnutrition is directly responsible for 300,000 deaths

per year in children younger than 5 years in developing

countries and contributes indirectly to over half the deaths in

childhood worldwide.

The adverse effects of malnutrition include physical and

developmental manifestations. Poor weight gain and slowing of

linear growth occur. Impairment of immunologic functions in

these (15) mimics those observed in children with AIDS,

predisposing them to opportunistic and other typical childhood

infections. Children who are chronically malnourished exhibit

behavioral changes, including irritability, apathy and decreased

social responsiveness, anxiety, and attention deficits. In

addition, infants and young children who have malnutrition

frequently demonstrate developmental delay or permanent

cognitive deficits. The degree of delay and deficit depends on

the severity and duration of nutritional compromise and the age

at which malnutrition occurs. In general, nutritional insults at

younger ages will have worse outcomes. (16) death from

malnutrition in the United States is rare, in developing countries,

more than 50% of the 10 million deaths each year are either

directly or indirectly secondary to malnutrition in children

younger than 5 years

Children are most vulnerable to the effects of

malnutrition in infancy and early childhood. Premature infants

have special nutritional needs that are not met with traditional

feeding recommendations; they require fortified human milk or

specially designed preterm formula until later in infancy. Children

are susceptible to malnutrition for differing reasons. During

adolescence, self-imposed dietary restrictions contribute to the

incidence of nutritional deficiencies.

(Adapted from http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1360.htm)