Questão 545407

Texto 3 para responder às questões 20 e 21.

Global food crisis looms as fertilizer supplies dwindle

Sanctions on Russia, bad weather, and export cuts have

fueled a severe fertilizer shortage that has farmers

scrambling to keep the world fed.

1---------Think the global fertilizer shortage is someone else”sThink the global fertilizer shortage is someone else”s

problem? Take a look in the mirror. If you are reading this

in North America, Europe, Latin America, or Asia, chances

4--are that the bundle of amino acids staring back at you isare that the bundle of amino acids staring back at you is

alive today because of chemical fertilizers.

In fact, according to noted Canadian energy

7--rescarcher Vaclav Smil, two-fifths of humanity—more thanrescarcher Vaclav Smil, two-fifths of humanity—more than

three billion people—are alive because of nitrogen fertilizer,

the main ingredient in the Green Revolution that

10--supercharged the agricultural sector in the 1960s. Thesupercharged the agricultural sector in the 1960s. The

chemical fertilizer trifecta that tripled global grain

production—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium

13--(K)—enabled the greatest human population growth the(K)—enabled the greatest human population growth the

planet has ever seen. Now, it is in short supply, and farmers,

fertilizer companies, and governments around the globe are

16--scrambling to avert a seemingly inevitable tumble in cropscrambling to avert a seemingly inevitable tumble in crop

yields.

“Im not sure it's possible any more to avoid a food

19--crisis,” says World Farmers” Organization President Theocrisis,” says World Farmers” Organization President Theo

de Jager. “The question is how wide and deep it will be.

Most importantly, farmers need peace. And peace needs

22--farmers.”farmers.”

Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine was a/body

blow to an industry that has been hammered by various

25--events for more than a year. Russia typically exports nearlyevents for more than a year. Russia typically exports nearly

20 percent of the world's nitrogen fertilizers and, combined

with its sanctioned neighbor Belarus, 40 percent of the

28--world's exported potassium, according to “analysts atworld's exported potassium, according to “analysts at

Rabobank. Most of that is now offi limits, to the world”s

farmers, thanks to Westem sanctions and Russia's recent

31--fertilizer export restrictions.fertilizer export restrictions.

“If you speak to a farmer in North America or

Oceania, the main talk is fertilizers, specifically the price

34--and availability of fertilizers,” de Jager told a virtualand availability of fertilizers,” de Jager told a virtual

conference on the subject recently. “Prices are more or less

78 percent higher than average in 2021, and this is cracking

37--up the production side of agriculture. In many regionsup the production side of agriculture. In many regions

farmers simply can’t afford to bring fertilizers to the farm,

or even if they could, the fertilizers are not available to

40--them. And it's not just fertilizers, but agrichemicals and fuelthem. And it's not just fertilizers, but agrichemicals and fuel

as well. This is a global crisis and it requires a global

response?

43---------Most'of the response thus far has been pretty ad hoc,Most'of the response thus far has been pretty ad hoc,

with every farm and government for itself. But last week,

the U.S. and global development banks announced a major

46--“action plan” on global food security totaling more than \$30“action plan” on global food security totaling more than \$30

billion in aid, in hopes of staving off a repeat of the food

riots that toppled governments during the last food price

49--crises in 2008 and 2012.crises in 2008 and 2012.

JOEL K. BOURNE, JR.. Global food crisis looms as fertilizer supplies

dwindle. National Geographic. 2022. Adapted from:

<https:/Awww .nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/global-food-

crisis-looms-as-fertilizer-supplies-dwindle>. Accessed on: May 26! 2022.

In the last paragraph of the text an action plan is said to have been developed. This measure was taken so as to