Questão 506632

Consider the excerpt on cyber warfare and public international law:

'Attributing cyber operations to state sponsors represents one of the most formidable hurdles in operational international humanitarian law (IHL). Unlike conventional kinetic strikes, malicious cyber infrastructure can be obfuscated through multi-layered proxy networks, civilian digital relays, and false-flag routing. Consequently, establishing the legal threshold of 'effective control' or 'direct participation in hostilities' requires forensic and intelligence standards that rarely align with the urgent timelines demanded by real-time defensive operations.'

Analyze the assertions below:

I. Establishing state accountability in cyber operations is complicated by the technical difficulty of attribution through deceptive digital routing.

II. Kinetic warfare presents identical attribution challenges to cyber warfare due to the pervasive use of digital relays in conventional operations.

III. Real-time defensive responses in cyberspace are systematically facilitated by the instant legal clarity surrounding proxy networks.

Which statement(s) is/are CORRECT?