Questão 3166388

Read the poem and answer the two following questions:

Success is counted sweetest

By those who ne’er succeed.

To comprehend a nectar

Requires sorest need.

Not one of all the purple Host

Who took the Flag today

Can tell the definition,

So clear, of Victory!

As he, defeated — dying —

On whose forbidden ear

The distant strains of triumph

Burst agonized and clear!

(c. 1859)

– Emily Dickinson –

Based on the theoretical discussion of Interlanguage (IL) presented, evaluate the statements below:

I. Interlanguage is viewed as an independent linguistic system that develops gradually between the learner’s L1 and the target language (TL), reflecting a continuum rather than a direct transfer from either language.

II. Fossilization refers to temporary, context-dependent errors that tend to disappear as learners receive more input, and therefore does not represent a permanent stage in IL development.

III. According to Selinker, IL forms arise from latent psychological structures (LPS) and may include influences such as language transfer, overgeneralization, strategies of learning, and strategies of communication.

IV. Variability in IL can manifest systematically or non-systematically, depending on linguistic, situational, or performance-related factors, meaning IL production is not always uniform.

Mark the alternative that indicates the correct combination of statements.