Questão 2686403

O texto a seguir servirá de base para responder às questões 30 a 35.

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Is technology a silver bullet for language teaching and learning?

Technology such as Twitter and videos does support language learning, but teachers will

only see the benefits if it goes hand-in-hand with a change of pedagogy

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Martin Williams

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"There is no longer a four-walled classroom,"

says Dr Cecilia Goria, of Nottingham

3----University's Language Centre. "Teaching and

learning now extends beyond that."

Technological innovations have changed

6----language learning radically from the old-

fashioned image of pupils learning lists of

verbs out of textbooks. Although language

9----teaching has a long history of using tech,

dating back to the 1960s, recent developments

such as social networking and easy-to-use

12---video cameras have removed many of the limitations. Whereas using tech may have once meant

a weekly trip to a computer lab, it can now involve anything, from Facebook and Twitter to

podcasts and videos in the classroom. The question is: should teachers try to evolve their

15---teaching to fit with the latest gadgets, or should they stick to their old ways?

Those who use tech say the advantages are obvious. Russell Stannard, a linguistics lecturer at

Warwick and founder of a teacher training website, says that languages and digital technology

18---are a natural fit. "Language development is around four skills – reading, writing, speaking and

listening – and all of those are facilitated by technology. There's a very strong link between the

affordances of technology and the type of things we're trying to do as teachers."

21---Another major development in language tech has been the use of video, according to Stannard.

"The potential of video is incredible," he says. "It could be instructions, presenting learning

materials or students producing videos themselves. They could pretend they're telling the news

24---in the foreign language, they could act out a job interview situation, or put videos online for

students in Europe about their local town. We could even prepare for oral exams by working in

groups, filming it and then watching it back."

27---Anecdotally, the using technology seems like a perfect way to enhance language learning. But

what solid evidence is there that it actually makes a difference?

"There's lots of evidence that giving students extra chances to communicate in the language are

30---very motivating," says Mark Warschauer, professor of education and informatics at the

University of California. "Use of Twitter, email, discussion forums, Skype, and other tools can

provide authentic communication opportunities that are too often lacking in language class."

33---Increased exposure and interaction may be positive features to learning, but assessing the

effectiveness of specific, individual tools or apps is more difficult. "How do you measure the

impact of technology in teaching? says Stannard. "It's such a difficult thing to do because you

36---can never control the other variables."

Stannard says the trick is to put the pedagogy first, not the technology. "You've got to know why

you're using it. Teachers do need to learn to use new technology, but the driving force should

39---always be the pedagogy behind it.

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Disponível em: <http://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/may/12/technology-language-teaching-learning-pedagogy>.

Acesso em 23 jun. 2016 [Adaptado]

Diante da leitura do texto, se questionado pelo coordenador de sua escola sobre uma possível desvantagem do uso de tecnologia no ensino de línguas, um professor deveria mencionar que