Questão 2300429

Text 22A1-I

1 Philosophers of education are interested in analyzing

and clarifying concepts and questions central to education:

What should be the aims or purposes of education? Who

4 should be educated? Should education differ according to

natural interests and abilities? What role should the state play

in education? All of these questions are still asked today. In

7 fact, every society must answer them, not once and for all time

but as well and conscientiously as it can for the benefit of its

people and the future of the Earth. In every age, the questions

10 have elicited better and worse responses, and thoughtful people

continue to examine the old responses in order to generate new

ones induced by changing conditions.

13 The philosopher Plato, for instance, believed that

students should be educated according to their capacities —

they should not all have exactly the same education. In this

16 century, the great American philosopher John Dewey spoke

with some admiration of Plato’s astute observation that

education should be tailored to the child. However, he faulted

19 Plato for supposing that human beings necessarily fall into

exactly three categories. Dewey wanted education to be fitted

to each individual child. Further, Dewey rejected hierarchical

22 categories of educational programs. Unlike Plato, he would not

label one category better or higher than another.

_{Nel Noddings. Philosophy of education. New York: Routledge, 2018 (adapted).}

The main purpose of text 22A1-I is to