Questão 2011263

are learners’ belief that they indeed are fully capable of accomplishing a task.

are the learners’ will to become “gamblers” in the game of language, to attempt to produce and to interpret language that is a bit beyond their absolute certainty.

are a learner’s own personal “investment” of time, effort, and attention to the second language in the form of an individualized battery of strategies for comprehending and producing the language.

are intrinsically motivated within the learner because the behavior stems from needs, wants, or desires within oneself, the behavior itself is self-rewarding; therefore, no externally administered reward is necessary.

are best achieved by giving due attention to language use and not just usage, to fluency and not just accuracy, to authentic language and contexts, and to students’ eventual need to apply classroom learning to previously unrehearsed contexts in the real world.